🤖 AI & learning

AI & Claude Chat Vocabulary Guide

124 terms in 8 categories explaining the language of AI chats in Arabic and English, with copy-ready examples, flashcards and a short quiz.

Artifacts

المخرجات التفاعلية (Artifacts)

Dedicated windows where Claude shows code, documents, SVGs or interactive web previews separately from the chat.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Mockup

نموذج تصميم أولي

A visual draft or wireframe of a proposed interface or web page.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Canvas

مساحة العمل المشتركة (Canvas)

A side-by-side workspace where user and AI edit a document or code together; ChatGPT and Gemini call it Canvas, in Claude the closest equivalent is Artifacts.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Markdown

ماركداون (Markdown)

A lightweight plain-text syntax for headings, lists, tables, code blocks and bold/italic text.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Code Block

كتلة الكود

A formatted, syntax-highlighted container that displays programming code clearly.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Prompt

الموجِّه (الطلب)

The input — instructions, questions or context — that guides the AI's output.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

System Prompt

موجِّه النظام

Foundational instructions set before the conversation that define the AI's persona, rules and boundaries.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Token

الرمز (Token)

The basic unit of text a language model reads and writes — a word, part of a word or a character.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Context Window

نافذة السياق

The maximum number of tokens a model can consider at once, including the conversation, files and its own reply.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Thread

سلسلة المحادثة

One continuous conversation, or a saved chat history.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Regenerate

إعادة التوليد

Asking the model for a new answer to the same prompt.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Edit & Branch

تعديل الرسالة وتفريع المحادثة

Editing an earlier message to start an alternative path of the conversation from that point.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

File Upload

رفع الملفات

Attaching documents, images or data files to a chat so the AI can read them.

🖥️ Interface & outputs

Deep Dive

التعمّق (الغوص العميق)

An extensive, detailed exploration of a concept or problem.

✍️ Prompting

Chain-of-Thought (CoT)

سلسلة التفكير

A technique that asks the model to reason step by step before giving the final answer.

✍️ Prompting

Few-Shot Prompting

التلقين بأمثلة قليلة

Including a few worked examples in the prompt to show the desired output.

✍️ Prompting

Zero-Shot Prompting

التلقين دون أمثلة

Asking the AI to do a task without giving any examples.

✍️ Prompting

Role Prompting

تحديد الدور

Giving the AI a persona or expert role, e.g. "Act as a senior system architect".

✍️ Prompting

Refactored Code

الكود المُعاد هيكلته

Code restructured for clarity, efficiency and maintainability without changing what it does.

✍️ Prompting

Iterative Refinement

التحسين التكراري

Improving an output step by step through follow-up prompts.

✍️ Prompting

Delimited Input

المدخلات المحددة بفواصل

Using markers such as `"""`, `---` or XML tags like `<context>` to separate instructions from the text to process.

✍️ Prompting

Constraints

القيود

Explicit limits in a prompt, e.g. "under 100 words" or "valid JSON only".

✍️ Prompting

Persona

الشخصية

The voice, tone and identity the model adopts in a conversation.

✍️ Prompting

Prompt Chaining

تسلسل الموجِّهات

Splitting a complex task into steps where each prompt uses the previous step's output.

✍️ Prompting

XML Tags

وسوم XML

Named tags like `<instructions>` or `<example>` that structure a prompt; Claude follows them reliably.

✍️ Prompting

Prefill

التعبئة المسبقة للرد

Writing the first words of the assistant's reply through the API to steer its format, e.g. starting with `{` (support varies by model).

✍️ Prompting

Meta-Prompting

التلقين الفوقي

Asking the AI to write or improve a prompt for you.

✍️ Prompting

Self-Consistency

الاتساق الذاتي

Generating several reasoning paths and keeping the most common answer.

✍️ Prompting

Context Engineering

هندسة السياق

Choosing which information, files, tools and history to give a model so it can do a task well.

✍️ Prompting

Structured Output

المخرجات المنظمة

Requiring a fixed structure such as JSON, a table or a schema so software can reuse the result.

✍️ Prompting

Clarifying Questions

الأسئلة التوضيحية

Questions the AI asks before answering to fill in missing details.

✍️ Prompting

Hallucination

الهلوسة

Confident but false, made-up or unsupported statements generated by a model.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Inference

الاستدلال (التوليد)

The live computation of producing output tokens from an input.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Latency

زمن الاستجابة

The delay between sending a prompt and receiving a response, often measured as time to first token (TTFT).

⚙️ Technical concepts

Throughput

الإنتاجية

Generation speed, usually measured in tokens per second.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Temperature

درجة الحرارة

A randomness setting: low gives focused, repeatable text; high gives more varied, creative text.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Top-P (Nucleus Sampling)

أخذ العينات النووي (Top-P)

Limits choices to the smallest set of likely tokens whose probabilities add up to P.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Guardrails

الضوابط الوقائية

Safety rules and filters that block harmful or unwanted outputs.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Fine-Tuning

الضبط الدقيق

Further training a pre-trained model on specialised data to improve it at a specific task.

⚙️ Technical concepts

RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

التوليد المعزز بالاسترجاع

Connecting a model to external documents or a vector database so its answers are grounded in retrieved facts.

⚙️ Technical concepts

LLM (Large Language Model)

النموذج اللغوي الكبير

An AI model trained on very large amounts of text to understand and generate language.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Deep Learning

التعلم العميق

Machine learning with multi-layer neural networks — the technology behind modern LLMs (not the same as a "deep dive").

⚙️ Technical concepts

Neural Network

الشبكة العصبية

Layers of connected mathematical units that learn patterns from data.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Transformer

المحوِّل (Transformer)

The attention-based neural-network architecture behind most current LLMs.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Attention

آلية الانتباه

The mechanism that lets a model weigh which earlier tokens matter most when producing the next one.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Parameters

المعاملات (الأوزان)

The learned numerical weights inside a model; model size is often stated in parameters.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Training Data

بيانات التدريب

The text, code and other data a model learned from.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Knowledge Cutoff

تاريخ انتهاء المعرفة

The date after which a model has no training data, so it may not know recent events without web search.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Multimodal

متعدد الوسائط

Able to work with more than text, such as images, PDFs or audio.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Embeddings

التضمينات المتجهية

Lists of numbers that represent the meaning of text, used for semantic search and similarity.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Vector Database

قاعدة البيانات المتجهية

A database that stores embeddings and quickly finds the most similar items.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Top-K

Top-K

Limits each next-token choice to the K most likely options.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Max Tokens

الحد الأقصى للرموز

A setting that caps how long the model's reply can be.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Stop Sequence

تسلسل الإيقاف

A string that makes the model stop generating when it appears.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Streaming

البث التدريجي

Sending the reply token by token as it is generated instead of waiting for the full answer.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Extended Thinking (Reasoning)

التفكير الممتد

A mode where the model spends extra tokens reasoning through a problem before answering.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Open-Weights Model

نموذج مفتوح الأوزان

A model whose trained weights are published so anyone can run it on their own hardware.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Alignment

المواءمة

Making AI systems behave helpfully, honestly and safely, in line with human intentions.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Constitutional AI

الذكاء الاصطناعي الدستوري

Anthropic's training approach in which a model learns to critique and revise its outputs against a written set of principles.

⚙️ Technical concepts

Parse

التحليل البنيوي

Reading input and breaking it into structured parts.

📄 Documents & files

Extract

الاستخراج

Pulling specific fields — dates, amounts, names — out of unstructured text.

📄 Documents & files

Summarize

التلخيص

Condensing long documents, transcripts or code into the key points.

📄 Documents & files

Syntax Highlighting

تلوين الشيفرة

Colour-coding keywords, strings and variables in code for readability.

📄 Documents & files

Boilerplate

القالب الجاهز

Standard, reusable code or text that needs little editing.

📄 Documents & files

Schema

المخطط

A formal definition of data structure and field types, e.g. JSON Schema or SQL DDL.

📄 Documents & files

Edge Cases

الحالات الحدّية

Unusual or extreme inputs used to test that code still behaves correctly.

📄 Documents & files

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

التعرّف الضوئي على الحروف

Extracting machine-readable text from images or scanned PDFs.

📄 Documents & files

Sanitize

التنقية

Cleaning inputs or outputs by removing private details, credentials or malformed content.

📄 Documents & files

Format Specifier

محدِّد التنسيق

An instruction that fixes the exact output layout, e.g. "a Markdown table with 3 columns".

📄 Documents & files

CSV

ملف CSV

A plain-text table format: each line is a row and commas separate the columns.

📄 Documents & files

JSON

JSON

A lightweight text format for structured data using keys and values, common in API responses.

📄 Documents & files

Chunking

التجزئة

Splitting long documents into smaller pieces for processing or retrieval.

📄 Documents & files

Citations

الاستشهادات

References pointing to the exact source passages an answer is based on.

📄 Documents & files

PII (Personally Identifiable Information)

البيانات الشخصية المعرِّفة

Information that identifies a person, such as name, phone, national ID or address.

📄 Documents & files

Data Cleaning

تنظيف البيانات

Fixing duplicates, typos, wrong formats and missing values before analysis.

📄 Documents & files

Brainstorming

العصف الذهني

Generating many ideas, features or possible solutions.

🧩 Task types

Debugging

تصحيح الأخطاء

Finding, isolating and fixing syntax or logic errors in code.

🧩 Task types

Proofread

التدقيق اللغوي

Checking text for grammar, spelling, clarity and style.

🧩 Task types

Translate

الترجمة

Converting content between human languages, or code between programming languages.

🧩 Task types

Synthesize

التوليف

Combining information from several sources into one coherent explanation or document.

🧩 Task types

Outline

المخطط التفصيلي

A hierarchical structure of headings for a document, article or plan.

🧩 Task types

Pseudocode

الشيفرة الزائفة

Plain-language steps that describe program logic before writing real code.

🧩 Task types

Benchmark

المعيار القياسي

A standard test used to compare quality, speed or efficiency.

🧩 Task types

Dry Run

التشغيل التجريبي الذهني

Walking through logic step by step without actually executing it.

🧩 Task types

Grounding

التأسيس على المصادر

Restricting answers to verified, provided information so the AI does not assume beyond the facts.

🧩 Task types

Rate Limit

حدّ المعدل

A cap on how many requests or tokens can be sent within a time window.

🧩 Task types

Traceback

تتبّع الخطأ

The error message and stack trace shown when a program fails.

🧩 Task types

Code Review

مراجعة الكود

Examining code for bugs, security issues and style before it is merged.

🧩 Task types

Unit Test

اختبار الوحدة

A small automated test that checks one function or component.

🧩 Task types

Paraphrase

إعادة الصياغة

Rewriting text in different words while keeping its meaning.

🧩 Task types

Tone Adjustment

ضبط النبرة

Rewriting text to sound more formal, friendly, concise or persuasive.

🧩 Task types

Claude

Claude

Anthropic's family of AI models and the assistant built on them, offered in tiers such as Opus, Sonnet and Haiku.

✳️ Claude features

Projects

المشاريع

Workspaces in Claude that group chats with shared files and custom instructions.

✳️ Claude features

Skills

المهارات (Skills)

Folders of instructions, scripts and resources that Claude loads when a task needs them.

✳️ Claude features

MCP (Model Context Protocol)

بروتوكول سياق النموذج

An open standard introduced by Anthropic for connecting AI applications to tools and data sources.

✳️ Claude features

Connectors

الموصِّلات

Integrations that let Claude read from or act in apps such as Google Drive, Slack or Microsoft 365.

✳️ Claude features

Memory

الذاكرة

A feature that lets the assistant remember relevant details across separate chats.

✳️ Claude features

Styles

أنماط الرد

Preset or custom settings that change how Claude writes, e.g. concise, formal or explanatory.

✳️ Claude features

Research

وضع البحث

A mode where Claude runs multiple searches and reads sources before writing a cited answer.

✳️ Claude features

Claude Code

Claude Code

Anthropic's agentic coding tool that works in your terminal and codebase.

✳️ Claude features

CLAUDE.md

ملف CLAUDE.md

A project file that Claude Code reads automatically for conventions, commands and context.

✳️ Claude features

Plan Mode

وضع التخطيط

A Claude Code mode where Claude researches and proposes a plan before changing any files.

✳️ Claude features

Cowork

Cowork

Claude's desktop mode for multi-step work on your files and tasks.

✳️ Claude features

Claude in Chrome

Claude في Chrome

A browser extension that lets Claude navigate and act on web pages.

✳️ Claude features

Prompt Caching

التخزين المؤقت للموجِّهات

An API feature that reuses a repeated prompt prefix to reduce cost and latency.

✳️ Claude features

Message Batches API

واجهة الدفعات

Sending many requests to be processed asynchronously at a lower price.

✳️ Claude features

Usage Limits

حدود الاستخدام

Caps on how much a plan can be used within a time period.

✳️ Claude features

AI Agent

الوكيل الذكي

An AI system that plans and takes multi-step actions with tools to reach a goal.

🤖 Agents & tools

Agentic

وكيلي (ذاتي التنفيذ)

Describes AI that acts on its own — searching, editing files, running code — rather than only replying.

🤖 Agents & tools

Tool Use (Function Calling)

استخدام الأدوات

The model calling external functions or APIs — search, calculator, database — during a task.

🤖 Agents & tools

Subagent

الوكيل الفرعي

A helper agent that a main agent launches to handle part of a task, often in parallel.

🤖 Agents & tools

Computer Use

استخدام الحاسوب

An AI operating a computer screen through mouse and keyboard actions.

🤖 Agents & tools

API

الواجهة البرمجية

A way for software to send requests to a service, e.g. sending prompts to a model from code.

🤖 Agents & tools

SDK

حزمة تطوير البرمجيات

A library that makes calling an API easier in a given programming language.

🤖 Agents & tools

Human-in-the-Loop

الإنسان ضمن الحلقة

A workflow where a person reviews or approves AI actions before they take effect.

🤖 Agents & tools

Prompt Injection

حقن الموجِّهات

Hidden instructions inside content — a web page, email or file — that try to hijack the AI.

🛡️ Safety & quality

Jailbreak

كسر القيود

Attempts to trick a model into ignoring its safety rules.

🛡️ Safety & quality

Bias

التحيّز

Systematic unfairness in outputs inherited from data or design.

🛡️ Safety & quality

Evals

التقييمات

Test sets used to measure how well a model or prompt performs on a task.

🛡️ Safety & quality

Fact-Checking

التحقق من المعلومات

Verifying AI claims against reliable sources before relying on them.

🛡️ Safety & quality

Data Privacy

خصوصية البيانات

Protecting personal or confidential information you share with AI tools.

🛡️ Safety & quality

Sycophancy

المجاملة المفرطة

A model's tendency to agree with or flatter the user instead of being accurate.

🛡️ Safety & quality

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Independent guide. Claude is a trademark of Anthropic; 3omar.hs is not affiliated with Anthropic, OpenAI or Google.

How to use the glossary

  1. Search in Arabic or English — search ignores diacritics and hamza forms.
  2. Filter by category or letter, and open any term for its full page with an example.
  3. Save terms with the star and review them in flashcard mode.
  4. Test yourself with ten multiple-choice questions.

Frequently asked questions

What is a context window?

The amount of text a model can "see" in one conversation, including your messages, its replies and attached files.

Is this only about Claude?

Most terms apply to any AI assistant, with one category dedicated to Claude features.

Is the guide updated?

Yes, the Claude features category is reviewed every six months as features change, and you can suggest new terms.